Oh you who believed! You shouldn’t select My enemy as well as your enemy as protectors stretching affection into them while surely they have disbelieved with whatever came to you from the Truth, they have delivered out the Messenger and yourselves because of that you believed with Allah, your Lord, if you have come out for Jihad in My Path and are seeking My pleasure, you are showing into them affection secretly, while I know the Best whatever you are concealing and whatever you are disclosing, and whoever does so from among you, surely he strayed from the Straight Path.
After the ‘Hudaibiya Treaty’ a woman who migrated from Maccah to Madeena was sent back to Madeena as per the condition made in the ‘Hudaibiya Treaty’. It was the time Messenger was preparing for a mission to free Maccah from the Maccan pagans since they started to violate the conditions of ‘Hudaibiya Treaty’ one by one. A believer who had already migrated from Macca to Madeena wrote a letter and gave it to that woman secretly for handing over it to the Maccan leaders intending to get protection for his family members at Maccah if there happens a battle between the believers and the Maccan pagans. According to the command of Messenger, two companions of Messenger seized that letter from her on the way to Maccah. This Surah was revealed criticizing such a letter. See explanation 48: 20, 24-25.
Today the enemies of Allah and the believers are the Arabic Qur’an Reading Fujjar including the Hypocrites who hide, repudiate and misinterpret Adhikr-the Balance and Trust to keep the universe in its equilibrium, and their blind followers-Fajir-who associate others in the dominion of Allah as explained in verses 33: 72-73; 41: 28-29; 48: 6; and 63: 4. Being the explanation of the verse 4: 118, Allah has taught through His Messenger that in every thousand only one is to the Paradise and the rest 999 from those who received the Book are to the hell. So the believer while reciting the verse 1: 7 should pray by soul as ‘You should not include me among the Fujjar including the Hypocrites and their Mushrik followers who are strayed from the Straightpath by following these Hypocrites’. Such believer will do strenuous Jihad towards these Fujjar by mind, word as well as by deed. See explanation 9: 67-68; 25: 23-24; 41: 34-35; and 58: 22.